Excavator



Sept. 15, 1931. ORLOFF EXCAVATOR Filed March 11,

1922a 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 gwwntoc m4 (9% 7 7 Fwy-pi A. ORLOFF Sept. 15, 1931.

EXCAVATOR' Filed March 11,

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 gwuento a Patented Sept. 15, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE .ARTHUR ORLOFF, OF GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO NORTHWEST ENGINEER- ING CORPORATION, OF GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN, A. CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN- EXCAVATOR Application filed March 11, 1929. Serial No. 346,000.

The invention relates to excavating. machines and more particularly to so-c-alled shovels or trench hoes.

In the usual type of pull shovel the dipper is rigidly connected to the dipper stick and is moved outwardly beyond the boom to an upturned position, or the dipper is provided with a bottom-dumping door that is tripped to discharge the load. In a few instances the dippers are medially pivoted to the stick and automatically turn over to dump the load when a latch is released. In all these prior constructions the height to which the dipper can be lifted before it starts to discharge its load is limited and the radius-of dumping)is also restricted and frequently material ecomes stuck in the dipper and cannot be dislodged during the dumping operation. In prior constructions in which some form of dipper, movable with respect to the dipper stick, has been used the displacement of the dipper from the load-carrying position to the load-dumping position is accompanied by a lowering of the clearance plane of the dipper so that in elevating the dlpper to dump into a'truck or wagon, for example, it is necessary to raise the dipper in a load-carrying position to a height greater than that necessary merely to clear the truck or wagon in order that the dipper would not strike the truck or wagon in reaching the load-dumping position. This meant that considerable care was required to be exercised to avoid dama e to the truck or wagon being filled. The 0 ject of the present invention is to overcome these difficulties by associating with the dipper stick a dipper which is pivotally connected at its front end portion with the dipper stick and which can be maintained at various angles relative to the stick so that it may be maintained in ahorizontal position relative to the ground when elevated, when the dipper stick itself may assume various angular positions relative to its supporting boom, with the result that the dipper may be dumped at a greater height than heretofore possible in this art; may be dumped within a greater area than with the customary machines, and may be moved repeatedly into jarring contact with the dipper stick to dislodge the load. The

entire action of controlling the dipper and view of an excavator embodying the inven-" tion, the boom and the dipper being shown in two operating positions;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the forward end of the device, the same being viewed along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a detail plan view of a portion of the boom, the same being viewed along the line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a view of the dipper in an extended, raised position;

Fig. 5 is a view of the dipper in a raised, inward position.

Referring to the drawings the numeral 5 designates the traveling base of the machine equipped with endless treads 6 suitably driven from a prime mover 7 on the rotating base 8 which also furnishes power for a hoist drum 10 and a drag drum 11 that are equipped, as usual, with suitable clutches and brakes to control their operation.

A shear leg 12 is mounted on the machine and is adapted to be held in the desired ad,- justed position by a cable 13 connecting said leg with the main framework of the machine, in known manner.

The boom 14 is mounted on a pivot pin 15 to swing or move vertically relative to the machine and to move laterally or swing with the machine on the rotation of the rotating base 5.

A dipper handle or stick 16 is pivotally connected by a pin 17 to the outer end portion of the boom and .includes a dipper-supporting frame 18 in which a pivot pin 19 is mounted and by which the forward end of a dipper is per stick.

The dipper20 is a metal bucket or shell in which the sides and bottom are preferably formed of one piece of heavy sheet metal and is open at its.tront and top and equipped with digging teeth 21. A sheave 22 is mounted on the back or rear of the dipper to one side of the dipper stick and lines up with a. sheave 23 at the lower end of the dipper stick and another sheave 24 on said stick adjacent the hinge pivot 17.

A pair of spaced sheaves 25 have their sheave blocks connected to a shaft or pin 26 carried on the upper end portion of the dipper-stick and a hoist cable 27 passes from the hoist drum 10 over a guide pulley 28'on the shear leg 12, thence over one of the sheaves 25 and back around a horizontally disposed pulley 29 secured to the shear leg, as by a link 30, thence forwardly and around the other sheave 25 and thenceback over another pulley on the shear leg to a dead end on the machine. as at the point 31.

The drag cable 32 passes from the drum 11 over a pulley 33 on the boom, thence around a horizontally disposed padlock sheave 34 secured to the forward end of the dipper stick, thence back over a pulley 35 on pivotally connected to the dipthe boom, thence forwardly over the pulleys or sheaves 24, 23 and 22, and thence to the dipper stick, to which it is dead ended at 36.

The hoist cable 27 as reevcd above, performs the usual function of raising and lowering the boom 14, dipper 20 and dipper stick 16 and moving the dipper stick outwardly, it being noted that pulling in on said cable causes the elevation of the boom and the outward movement of the dipper stick and dipper and that a release or paying out of said cable causes a lowering of said boom and dipper stick to bring the dipper to a digging position and permit it to swing inwardly toward the boom-to execute its digging operation.

In addition to performing its usual fume-- tions-of pulling in on the dipper; and dipper stick to cause the dipper to dig into the material, the drag cable also controls the swinging movement of the dipper relative to the stick to control its spotting and dumping,

since when the boom and stick are in an elevated position paying out of the drag cable to a certain extent maintains the dlpper m a horizontal position, as shown in full lines at A in Fig. 1, and pulling in on said cable moves the rear end of the dipper upwardly to discharging position, asshown in position v/ B in dotted lines in Fig.1, while during digagainst the lower end of the stick.

ging, as shown in position C in Fig. 1, the tensioned drag cable holds the dipper firmly Thus it will be noted that so long as there is atension in the drag cable 32 this tension will have a tendency to hold the dipper against load-carrying position. Thus, with this construction the dipper may bedumped in various angular positions of the dipper stick between the extreme elevated position shown in Fig. 4, down to the more nearly vertical positions of the dipper stick, approaching theposition illustrated in Fig. 5, and it will also I be noted'that during dumping it is raised instead of being lowered below its load-carrying plane. with the result that there is no danger of striking parts of the truck or wagon being filled.

Thus the cycle of operations of the dipper may be controlled entirely by these two cables. However, where the two cables alone are used to control the dipper, it may sometimes be necessary to reach out a considerable distance with the dipper to dump its load and in order to permit the dipper to be dumped with the entire range of swing of the stick, I have provided a third cable 37 which dump the load.

This cable 37 is connected to the dipper stick below its pivot, at 38, and extends rearwardly over a sheave 39 on the boom. thence partly around a sheave 40 on saidbooni to a drum-41. here shown as mounted on the shear leg. This drum mav be suitablv counterweighted or provided with any of the wcllknown slack take-up devices so that the cable will be wound up thereon as the dipper ban-- (lle swingsinward'lv toward the boom. The drum. 41 is also equipped with a brake member or band 42 under the control of the operator through a handle 43.

With this means of control the operator can set the brake 42 and thus hold the drum 41 at will thereby through the cooperative action of the hoist cable 27 holding the boom Hand dipper handle 16- in any chosen relationto each other and at the same time have the angularity of the dipper under perfect control by means of increasing or decreasing-thetension of the drag cable 32. p i

I desire it. to be-understood that this invention is not to be limited to any particular form or arrangement of parts except insofar as such limitations are specified in the claims or necessitated by the prior art.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. In an excavating machine, the combina-- tion with a vertically movable boom, of a dipper stick pivotally mounted on the outer end portion of the boom and swinging inwardly during digging, means associated with said boom and dipper stick to raise and lower the same and move the dipper stick outwardly relative to the boom during the operating cycle of the machine, a dipper, means for pivotally connecting the dipper to the lower end of the dipper stick forwardly of its rear end, and a drag cable connected to said dipper stick at one point and to said dipper at another point for moving said dipper stick inwardly and for controlling the angular position after loading to avoid spilling the loaded material between the finish of the loading opperation and the commencement of the dumping operation.

2. In an excavating machine, the combination with a vertically movable boom, of a dipper stick pivotally mounted on theouter end portion of the boom and swinging inwardly during digging, means associated with said boom and dipper stick to raise and lower the same and move the dipper stick outwardly relative to the boom during the operating cycle of the machine. a dipper, means for pivotally connecting the dipper to the lower end of the dipper stick forwardly of the. rear end of said dipper, a drag cable connect- .cd to'said dipper stick at oncpoint for moving the dipper stick inwardly and to said dipper at another point for moving said dipper relative tothe stick, and

. tion with a vertically movable boom, of a dipper stick pivotally mounted on the outer endportion of the boom and swinging inwardly during digging, means associated with said boom and dipper stick to T8156 and lower the same and move the dipper stick outwardly relative to the boom during the operating cycle of the machine, adipper pivoted at its .forward end to the lower end of the dipper stick and facing toward the machine during digging, a drag cable connected to the dipper stickat one point and-to the rear nortion of the dipper at another point for moving said dipper stick inwardly and for moving said dipper relative to said stick. I

4. In an excavating machine, the combination with a vertically movable boom, of a dipper stick pivotally mounted on the outer end portion of the boom and swinging 'inwardly during digging, means associated with said boom and dipper stick to raise and of the dipper relative to the stick another cable- .opposing the out-ward movement of the diplower the same and move the dipper stick outwardly relative to the boom durlng the operating cycle of the machine, a dipper pivoted forward of its center of gravit to the lower end of the dipper stick and acing toward the machine during digging, and a drag cable connected to the dipper stick and boom and extending along the dipper stick and having a bight associated with the rear portion of the dipper for moving said dipper stick inwardly and for moving said dipper relative to said stick.

5. In an excavating machine, the combination of a vertically movable boom, of a dipper stick pivotally mounted on the outer end portion of the boom and swinging inwardly during digging, means associated with said boom lower the same and move the dipper stick outwa rdly relative to the boom during the operating cycle of the machine, a dipper, means for pivotally connecting the dipper to the :lower end of the dipper stick, a drag cable a brake for said drum. under the control of the operator.

6. An excavating machine in accordance with claim 4 wherein the drag cable has a bight connected to the dipper stick and a 'bight connected to the rear portion of the dipper.

7. An excavating machine in accordance with claim 4 wherein the drag cable extends from the boom around a padlock sheave o n the dipper stick, thence rearwardly overa sheave on the boom, then over sheaves on the and dipper stick to raise and v dipperstick and around a sheave on the rear portion of the dipperand thence to a dead end on the dipper stick.

'. 8. In an excavating machine, thecombination with a vertically movable boom, of a dipper stick pivotally mounted on the outer end portion of said boom and swinging inwardly duringdigging, means including a pair of cables for controlling the position of said boom and the outward movement of said stick relative to said boom during the diging cycle, a dipper pivotally supported forwardly of its center of and engageable with said stick rearwardly of its pivotal mounting duringdigging, and separately controlled means for holding the dipper in engagement with said dipper stick during digging and in a substantially horizontal position between the vertical and the outward extended'positions of said stick.

gravity on said stick In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature.

' ARTHUR ORLOFF. 

